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test/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.Tests/Utilities/PlayerStubs.cs

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+using System.Data.Common;
+using Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.Data;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding;
+using Microsoft.Data.Sqlite;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+
+namespace Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.Tests.Utilities
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A Stub provides pre‑configured, hard‑coded responses to method calls.
+    /// Its purpose is simply to supply data to the system under test without
+    /// any behavior verification. For example, a Stub for a repository might
+    /// always return a specific user regardless of the input.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class PlayerStubs
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a ModelStateDictionary with a single validation error.
+        /// Used for testing validation failure scenarios.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="key">The property name or key for the error.</param>
+        /// <param name="errorMessage">The error message.</param>
+        /// <returns>A ModelStateDictionary containing the specified error.</returns>
+        public static ModelStateDictionary CreateModelError(string key, string errorMessage)
+        {
+            var modelStateDictionary = new ModelStateDictionary();
+            modelStateDictionary.AddModelError(key, errorMessage);
+            return modelStateDictionary;
+        }
+    }
+}